CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(WordPress案例)

CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(WordPress个人博客系统案例)

CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(WordPress案例)

LNMP组成介绍

LNMP（Linux-Nginx-MySQL-PHP）网站架构是目前国际流行的Web框架，该框架包括：Linux操作系统，Nginx网络服务器，MySQL数据库，PHP编程语言，所有组成产品均是免费开源软件，这四种软件组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效的网站服务系统。

LNMP工作原理

浏览器发送http request请求到服务器（Nginx）,服务器响应并处理web请求。如果是静态文本直接返回，否则将脚本（PHP）通过接口传输协议（网关协议）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）传输给PHP-FPM（进程管理程序）,然后PHP-FPM调用PHP解析器的其中一个进程PHP-CGI来解析php脚本信息。【PHP-FPM在启动时启动了多个PHP-CGI子进程，并发执行。】然后将解析后的脚本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通过fast-cgi的形式将脚本信息传送给Nginx。服务器再通过Http response的形式传送给浏览器。浏览器再进行解析与渲染然后进行呈现。

WordPress介绍

WordPress 介绍 WordPress是一种使用PHP语言开发的博客平台，用户可以在支持PHP和MySQL 数据库的服务器上架设自己的网站。 也可以把WordPress 当作一个内容管理系统（CMS）来使用。 WordPress 是一个免费的开源项目，在GNU通用公共许可证下授权发布。

构建LNMP+WordPress案例

环境配置

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalld

临时关闭SELINUX

setenforce 0

永久关闭SELINUX（重启生效）

echo SELINUX=disabled>/etc/selinux/configecho SELINUXTYPE=targeted>>/etc/selinux/config

安装Nginx

增加 Nginx 官方源

cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo[nginx-stable]name=nginx stable repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.keymodule_hotfixes=true[nginx-mainline]name=nginx mainline repobaseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.keymodule_hotfixes=trueEOF

EPEL 源中的 nginx.service 由于 KILL 参数问题，启动后无法停止，不建议使用。

安装Nginx

yum install -y nginx

备份Nginx配置文件

echo y|cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default

修改 nginx.conf

cat << EOF > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# For more information on configuration, see:# * Official English Documentation: * Official Russian Documentation: nginx;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;pid  /var/run/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;events { worker_connections 65535;}http { include    /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type  application/octet-stream; log_format main '\$host \$server_port \$remote_addr - \$remote_user [\$time_local] "\$request" '      '\$status \$request_time \$body_bytes_sent "\$http_referer" '      '"\$http_user_agent" "\$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile   on; tcp_nopush   on; tcp_nodelay   on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; server_name_in_redirect off; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; send_timeout   3m; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers  4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/

增加默认Host

mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.dcat << EOF > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.confserver { listen  80 default_server; listen  [::]:80 default_server; server_name _; root   /usr/share/nginx/html; # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { } error_page 404 /404.html;  location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  location = /50x.html { }}EOF

启动Nginx

systemctl start nginx

增加开机启动

systemctl enable nginx

查看Nginx状态

# systemctl status nginx● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-05-25 05:50:22 EDT; 7s ago  Docs: CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service   ├─1853 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf   └─1854 nginx: worker processMay 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...May 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directoryMay 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.# ss -antpl|grep nginxLISTEN  0  128   *:80      *:*     users:(("nginx",pid=1854,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1853,fd=6))LISTEN  0  128  [::]:80     [::]:*     users:(("nginx",pid=1854,fd=7),("nginx",pid=1853,fd=7))

安装 MySQL

安装 MySQL

yum install -y mariadb-server

备份 my.cnf

cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.default

修改 my.cnf

cat << EOF > /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the# instructions in = 100Mread_buffer_size = 2Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 16Msort_buffer_size = 8Mjoin_buffer_size = 8Mtmp_table_size = 100M# 查询缓存#query_cache_limit=4M#query_cache_type=on#query_cache_size=2Gbind-address = 127.0.0.1# 跳过主机名解析，比如localhost，foo.com之类，加速访问skip-name-resolve# SQL执行日志general_log=offgeneral_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/general.log# SQL慢查询日志slow_query_log=offslow_query_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/slowquery.loglong_query_time = 5max_connections = 1000# 兼容老MySQL代码，比如使用空字符串代替NULL插入数据sql_mode = ""[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.logpid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid## include all files from the config directory#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.dEOF

配置 mysqldump 命令参数

sed -i '16 aquick\nquote-names\nmax_allowed_packet = 100M' /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

创建日志文件

touch /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.logchown mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log

增加开机启动

systemctl enable mariadb

启动 MySQL 服务

systemctl start mariadb

修改root密码

mysqladmin -uroot password "000000"

查看 MySQL 服务状态

# systemctl status mariadb● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 14:18:12 CST; 1h 7min ago Process: 16688 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 16653 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 16687 (mysqld_safe) CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service   ├─16687 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr   └─17043 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.lo...Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[16653]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/mysql already, nothing is done.Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mysqld_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mysqld_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysqlNov 29 14:18:12 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.# ss -antpl|grep mysqlLISTEN  0  50  127.0.0.1:3306      *:*     users:(("mysqld",pid=17043,fd=14))

安装 PHP7

增加SCL源

yum install -y centos-release-scl

安装PHP7.2

yum install -y rh-php72 \ rh-php72-php \ rh-php72-php-bcmath \ rh-php72-php-fpm \ rh-php72-php-gd \ rh-php72-php-intl \ rh-php72-php-mbstring \ rh-php72-php-mysqlnd \ rh-php72-php-opcache \ rh-php72-php-pdo \ rh-php72-php-pecl-apcu \ rh-php72-php-

进入 rh-php72 环境

scl enable rh-php72 bash

确认PHP状态

# php -vPHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Nov 4 2019 10:23:08) ( NTS )Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP GroupZend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

备份php.ini

cp /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini.default

修改php.ini

# 启用 '<? ... ?>' 代码风格sed -i '197s/short_open_tag = Off/short_open_tag = On/' /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini# 禁止一些危险性高的函数sed -i '314s/disable_functions =/disable_functions = system,exec,shell_exec,passthru,set_time_limit,ini_alter,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,link,leak,popen,escapeshellcmd,virtual,socket_create,mail,eval/' /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini# 配置中国时区sed -i '902s#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#' /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini

增加开机启动

systemctl enable rh-php72-php-fpm

启动 PHP-FPM 服务

systemctl start rh-php72-php-fpm

查看 PHP-FPM 服务状态

# systemctl status rh-php72-php-fpm● rh-php72-php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rh-php72-php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 13:36:03 CST; 1h 56min ago Main PID: 15360 (php-fpm) Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 6, Requests: 56, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/rh-php72-php-fpm.service   ├─15360 php-fpm: master process (/etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.conf)   ├─15361 php-fpm: pool www   ├─15362 php-fpm: pool www   ├─15363 php-fpm: pool www   ├─15364 php-fpm: pool www   ├─15365 php-fpm: pool www   └─17211 php-fpm: pool wwwNov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...Nov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.# ss -antpl|grep php-fpmLISTEN  0  128 127.0.0.1:9000      *:*     users:(("php-fpm",pid=17211,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15365,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15364,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15363,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15362,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15361,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15360,fd=7))

LNMP 环境测试

增加数据库

mysql -uroot -p000000 -e 'create database wordpress;grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wordpress@"localhost" identified by "wordpress_password";flush privileges;'

增加Nginx Host设置

cat << EOF > /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.confserver{ listen  8080; server_name wordpress.com; root   /data/web/wordpress.com; error_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress.com_error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress.com_access.log main; location / {  try_files \$uri /index.php$is_args\$query_string; } location ~ \.php$ {  root   /data/web/wordpress.com;  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;  fastcgi_index index.php;  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \$document_root\$fastcgi_script_name;  include  fastcgi_params; }}EOF# 重载Nginx配置nginx -t && nginx -s reload

准备 Wordpress

mkdir -p /data/web/wordpress.com# 使用 -O 参数指定保存文件名，会强制覆盖已经存在的文件yum -y install wgetwget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz -O wordpress.tar.gztar xf wordpress.tar.gzmv wordpress/* /data/web/wordpress.comrm -rf wordpresschown -R apache:nginx /data/web/wordpress.comchmod -R 755 /data/web/wordpress.com

最后，访 进入博客安装界面

如果无法访问网站地址:

1.请确保服务器的防火墙和SELINUX为关闭状态，详细操作请看基础环境配置的关闭防火墙与SELINUX操作。

2.测试主机与服务器的通信状态是否正常

1.选择语言模式为中文

2.填写数据库信息

3.填写网站信息

4.访 就可以看到博客已经运行起来了

• wordpress数据库相关信息：
• 数据库服务器：localhost
• 数据库端口：3306
• 数据库名称：wordpress
• 数据库用户名：wordpress
• 数据库密码：wordpress_password

写在最后

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